THE ROLE OF HIPEC IN PERITONEAL CARCINOMATOSIS DUE TO COLORECTAL CANCER – PROCEDURE, COMPLICATIONS, AND LITERATURE EVIDENCE
Keywords:
HIPEC, colorectal cancer, carcinomatosis
Abstract
Cytoreductive surgery and HIPEC have become de pillars of treatment in advanced, metastatic colorectal cancer. This state of evolution of the disease was considered terminal just a few years ago. It has been demonstrated that by combining these therapies in selected patients one can increase survival time. Once this has been obtained to some length modern studies have been focused on the quality of life, safety, and how this time interval can be increased. We have reviewed the most important prospective, randomized clinical trials regarding HIPEC and peritoneal carcinomatosis. The technique, complications, principles of action, and evolution through time of HIPEC have been addressed and covered. Special consideration had been given to the correlation between the carcinomatosis index and HIPEC. HIPEC with maximal cytoreduction can be considered a curative procedure only in strictly selected patients diagnosed with colorectal cancer and peritoneal carcinomatosis. Although it has been present in the medical field for almost 30 years, it is not wide-spread due to the high costs of implementation and the requirement of highly specialized surgical and medical teams. As technology evolves, the costs can be decreased and HIPEC should be largely available in oncological centers since the foundation of implementation is solid and the fact that clear benefits although small have been demonstrated. Taking into account all of the above, HIPEC should not be considered a standard treatment at present and should only be performed in experienced centers. The correct selection of patients is critical to the success of this procedure. Maximum cytoreduction should only be performed if the carcinomatosis index allows.
References
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[29] Votanopoulos K, Ihemelandu C, Shen P, Stewart J, Russell G, Levine EA (2013) A comparison of hematologic toxicity profiles after heated intraperitoneal chemotherapy with oxaliplatin and mitomycin C. J Surg Res 179(1): e133–e139.
[30] Casado-Adam A, Alderman R, Stuart OA, Chang D, Sugarbaker PH (2011) Gastrointestinal complications in 147 consecutive paths with peritoneal surface malignancy treated by cytoreductive surgery and perioperative intraperitoneal chemotherapy. Int J Surg Oncol 2011:468698.
[31] Elias D, Lefevre JH, Chevalier J, Brouquet A, Marchal F, Classe JM, et al. (2009) Complete cytoreductive surgery plus intraperitoneal chemohyperthermia with oxaliplatin for peritoneal carcinomatosis of colorectal origin. J Clin Oncol 27(5):681–685
[32] Postoperative adverse events and long-term survival after cytoreductive surgery and intraperitoneal chemotherapy. Eur J Surg Oncol 35(2):202–208
[33] Dowdy SC, Loewen RT, Aletti G, Feitoza SS, Cliby W (2008) Assessment of outcomes and morbidity following diaphragmatic peritonectomy for women with ovarian carcinoma. Gynecol Oncol 109(2):303–307
[34] Kusamura S, Younan R, Baratti D, Costanzo P, Favaro M, Gavazzi C, et al. (2006) Cytoreductive surgery followed by intraperitoneal hyperthermic perfusion: analysis of morbidity and mortality in 209 peritoneal surface malignancies treated with closed abdomen technique. Cancer 106(5):1144–11
[2] Goodman MD, editor. Regional Therapeutics for Advanced Malignancies. New Delhi: Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers, 2012:43-57
[3] Yan TD, Coa CQ, Munkholom-Larson S, et al. A pharmacological review on intraperitoneal chemotherapy for. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2010;2: 109-16. [4] Torres IJ, Litterst CL, Guarino AM, et al. Transport of model compounds across the peritoneal membrane in the rats. Pharmacology 1978;17: 330-40
[5] Yan TD, Stuart OA, Yoo D, et al. Perioperative intraperitoneal chemotherapy for peritoneal surface malignancy. J Transl Med 2006;4: 17.
[6] Neuwirth, M.G.; Alexander, H.R.; Karakousis, G.C. Then and now: Cytoreductive surgery with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC), a historical perspective. J. Gastrointest. Oncol. 2016, 7, 18–28.
[7] Zimm, S.; Cleary, S.M.; Lucas, W.E.; Weiss, R.J.; Markman, M.; Andrews, P.A.; Schiefer, M.A.; Kim, S.; Horton, C.; Howell, S.B. Phase I/pharmacokinetic study of intraperitoneal cisplatin and etoposide. Cancer Res. 1987, 47, 1712–1716.
[8] Armstrong, D.K.; Bundy, B.; Wenzel, L.; Huang, H.Q.; Baergen, R.; Lele, S.; Copeland, L.J.; Walker, J.L.; Burger, R.A.; Gynecologic Oncology, G. Intraperitoneal cisplatin and paclitaxel in ovarian cancer. N Engl. J. Med. 2006, 354, 34–43.
[9] Jacquet, P.; Sugarbaker, P.H. Clinical research methodologies in diagnosis and staging of patients with peritoneal carcinomatosis. Cancer Treat. Res. 1996, 82, 359–374.
[10] Verwaal, V.J.; van Ruth, S.; de Bree, E.; van Sloothen, G.W.; van Tinteren, H.; Boot, H.; Zoetmulder, F.A. Randomized trial of cytoreduction and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy versus systemic chemotherapy and palliative surgery in patients with peritoneal carcinomatosis of colorectal cancer. J. Clin. Oncol. 2003, 21, 3737–3743.
[11] Turaga, K.; Levine, E.; Barone, R.; Sticca, R.; Petrelli, N.; Lambert, L.; Nash, G.; Morse, M.; Adbel-Misih, R.; Alexander, H.R.; et al. Consensus guidelines from The American Society of Peritoneal Surface Malignancies on standardizing the delivery of hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) in colorectal cancer patients in the United States. Ann. Surg. Oncol. 2014, 21, 1501–1505.
[12] Jayne DG, Fook S, Loi C, Seow-Choen F. Peritoneal carcinomatosis from colorectal cancer. Br J Surg 2002; 89:1545.
[13] Sugarbaker PH. Management of peritoneal-surface malignancy: the surgeon's role. Langenbecks Arch Surg 1999; 384:576.
[14] Glehen O, Osinsky D, Beaujard AC, Gilly FN. Natural history of peritoneal carcinomatosis from nongynecologic malignancies. Surg Oncol Clin N Am 2003; 12:729.
[15] Elias D, Delperro JR, Sideris L, et al. Treatment of peritoneal carcinomatosis from colorectal cancer: impact of complete cytoreductive surgery and difficulties in conducting randomized trials. Ann Surg Oncol 2004; 11:518.
[16] Cashin PH, Mahteme H, Spång N, et al. Cytoreductive surgery and intraperitoneal chemotherapy versus systemic chemotherapy for colorectal peritoneal metastases: A randomised trial. Eur J Cancer 2016; 53:155.
[17] Quenet F, Elias D, Roca L, et al. A UNICANCER phase III trial of hyperthermic intra-peritoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) for colorectal peritoneal carcinomatosis (PC): PRODIGE 7. J Clin Oncol 2018; 36S: ASCO #LBA3503.
[18] Verwaal VJ, Bruin S, Boot H, et al. 8-year follow-up of randomized trial: cytoreduction and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy versus systemic chemotherapy in patients with peritoneal carcinomatosis of colorectal cancer. Ann Surg Oncol 2008; 15:2426.
[19] https://www.uptodate.com/contents/locoregional-methods-for-management-and-palliation-in-patients-who-present-with-stage-iv-colorectal cancer?search=hipec§ionRank=1&usage_type=default&anchor=H15&source=machineLearning&selectedTitle=1~16&display_rank=1#H15 Accesed on 20.10.2020.
[20] SmeenkRM, Verwaal VJ, Zoetmulder FA (2007) Learning curve of combined modality treatment in peritoneal surface disease. Br J Surg 94(11):1408–1414
[21] Yan TD, Links M, Fransi S, Jacques T, Black D, Saunders V, et al. (2007) Learning curve for cytoreductive surgery and perioperative intraperitoneal chemotherapy for peritoneal surface malignancy–a journey to becoming a Nationally Funded Peritonectomy Center. Ann Surg Oncol 14(8):2270–2280
[22] Moran BJ (2006) Decision-making and technical factors account for the learning curve in complex surgery. J Public Health 28(4): 375–378
[23] Chua TC, Moran BJ, Sugarbaker PH, Levine EA, Glehen O, Gilly FN, et al. (2012) Early- and long-term outcome data of patients with pseudomyxoma peritonei from appendiceal origin treated by a strategy of cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy. J Clin Oncol 30(20):2449–2456
[24] Glehen O, Gilly FN, Arvieux C, Cotte E, Boutitie F, Mansvelt B, et al. (2010) Peritoneal carcinomatosis from gastric cancer: a multi-institutional study of 159 patients treated by cytoreductive surgery combined with perioperative intraperitoneal chemotherapy. Ann Surg Oncol 17(9):2370–2377
[25] Loungnarath R, Causeret S, Bossard N, Faheez M, Sayag-Beaujard AC, Brigand C, et al. (2005) Cytoreductive surgery with intraperitoneal chemohyperthermia for the treatment of pseudomyxoma peritonei: a prospective study. Dis Colon Rectum 48(7):1372–1379
[26] van Vugt JL, Braam HJ, van Oudheusden TR, Vestering A, Bollen TL,Wiezer MJ, et al. (2015) Erratum to: Skeletal Muscle Depletionis Associated with Severe Postoperative Complications in Patients Undergoing Cytoreductive Surgery with Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy for Peritoneal Carcinomatosis of Colorectal Cancer. Ann Surg Oncol 22 Suppl 3:1610
[27] Saxena A, Yan TD, Chua TC, Morris DL (2010) Critical Assessment of Risk Factors for Complications after Cytoreductive Surgery and Perioperative Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy for Pseudomyxoma Peritonei. Ann Surg Oncol 17(5):1291–1301
[28] Schnake KJ, Sugarbaker PH, Yoo D (1999) Neutropenia following perioperative intraperitoneal chemotherapy. Tumori 85(1):41–46.
[29] Votanopoulos K, Ihemelandu C, Shen P, Stewart J, Russell G, Levine EA (2013) A comparison of hematologic toxicity profiles after heated intraperitoneal chemotherapy with oxaliplatin and mitomycin C. J Surg Res 179(1): e133–e139.
[30] Casado-Adam A, Alderman R, Stuart OA, Chang D, Sugarbaker PH (2011) Gastrointestinal complications in 147 consecutive paths with peritoneal surface malignancy treated by cytoreductive surgery and perioperative intraperitoneal chemotherapy. Int J Surg Oncol 2011:468698.
[31] Elias D, Lefevre JH, Chevalier J, Brouquet A, Marchal F, Classe JM, et al. (2009) Complete cytoreductive surgery plus intraperitoneal chemohyperthermia with oxaliplatin for peritoneal carcinomatosis of colorectal origin. J Clin Oncol 27(5):681–685
[32] Postoperative adverse events and long-term survival after cytoreductive surgery and intraperitoneal chemotherapy. Eur J Surg Oncol 35(2):202–208
[33] Dowdy SC, Loewen RT, Aletti G, Feitoza SS, Cliby W (2008) Assessment of outcomes and morbidity following diaphragmatic peritonectomy for women with ovarian carcinoma. Gynecol Oncol 109(2):303–307
[34] Kusamura S, Younan R, Baratti D, Costanzo P, Favaro M, Gavazzi C, et al. (2006) Cytoreductive surgery followed by intraperitoneal hyperthermic perfusion: analysis of morbidity and mortality in 209 peritoneal surface malignancies treated with closed abdomen technique. Cancer 106(5):1144–11
Published
2020-12-26
How to Cite
[1]
I. Slavu, A. Tulin, B. Socea, D. Păduraru, V. Braga, and L. Alecu, “THE ROLE OF HIPEC IN PERITONEAL CARCINOMATOSIS DUE TO COLORECTAL CANCER – PROCEDURE, COMPLICATIONS, AND LITERATURE EVIDENCE”, JSS, vol. 7, no. 3, pp. 99-105, Dec. 2020.
Section
Articles
